Variations in Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics Practice in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background:
Fixed prosthodontics involve various techniques and materials for fabrication of prostheses. Understanding the current clinical practices and adherence to established protocols among dentists is essential for improving treatment outcomes. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice patterns of Pakistani dental practitioners about fixed prosthodontics.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted across Pakistan from June 2020 to July 2020. Using a convenience sampling technique, an online questionnaire was distributed via social media platforms and email, targeting an estimated 500 dentists. A final sample of 261 dentists was finalized using WHO sample size formula with confidence level of 95% and 5% margin of error. The questionnaire comprised two sections: demographic and personal data, and preferred materials, techniques, and clinical practices for fixed prosthodontic procedures. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 27.0.1, with descriptive statistics and chi-square tests applied to evaluate associations between variables.

Results:
Out of 500 targeted dentists, 261 responded (response rate: 52.20%). Study models were routinely obtained by 41.0% of practitioners, and 66.70% consistently used interocclusal records for multiple tooth preparations. Alginate (85.10%) and glass ionomer cement (69.70%) were the most frequently used impression and luting materials, respectively. Only 35.20% of respondents consistently disinfected impressions, and 55.90% provided both written and verbal instructions to dental technicians. High-speed handpieces (80.10%) and diamond burs (41.40%) were the instruments of choice, while depth-orientation grooves (54.80%) were the preferred technique of tooth preparation. The regular use of retraction cords and provision of interim restorations were reported by only 13.40% of participants.

Conclusion:
Dentists across Pakistan demonstrate a generally acceptable level of knowledge in fixed prosthodontics; however, significant deviations from recommended clinical protocols remain. Notably, the inconsistent use of impression disinfection, retraction cords, and interim restorations highlights areas for targeted continuing education and reinforcement of evidence-based guidelines to optimize patient care.

Keywords: Fixed prosthodontics, dental practice, clinical knowledge, Pakistan, practice patterns